ANNOTATED 


>V-»V^t^ 


OF  THE  COLLECTIONS 

OF  THE 

MAYNARD  CHAPTER 

OP    THE 

NEWTON  NATUKAL  HISTOKY  SOCIETY 


ILLUSTRATED 


Head  of  Wo»d  Thruih. 

WEST    NEWTON 
C.  J.  MAYNARD 

1903 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

PRESENTED  BY 

PROF.  CHARLES  A.  KOFOID  AND 
MRS.  PRUDENCE  W.  KOFOID 


A.N 


ANNOTATED 


OF  THE  COLLECTIONS 

OF  THE 

MAYNARD  CHAPTER 

OF    THE 

NEWTON  ^ATUEAL  HISTOEY  SOCIETY 


ILLUSTRATED 


Head  of  Wood  Thrush. 

WEST    NEWTON 
C.  J.  MAYNARD 

1903 


. 


DEDICATED 

TO 

F.  FKISBIE  M.  D. 
FOUNDER  OF  THE 

NEWTON  NATURAL  HISTORY  SOCIETY 

AND  FOR  MANY  YEARS  ITS  PRESIDENT 

IX  GRATEFUL  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

OF  THE  MANY  SERVICES 

HE  HAS  RENDERED 

THE  SOCIETY 


8)376903 


PROSPECTUS. 

The  accompanying  sheets  contain  the  title,  introduction 
and  sample  pages  of  the  catalogue  of  the  collection  of  the  May- 
nard  Chapter.  This  catalogue  is  now  ready  for  distribution 
to  the  subscribers.  As  will  be  seen  upon  examination  of  the 
pages,  this  is  rather  more  than  a  catalogue,  as  considerable  in- 
formation in  regard  to  the  specimens  is  printed  ;  this  informa- 
tion is  intended  as  a  guide  to  students  in  their  studies.  The 
specimens  catalogued,  unless  otherwise  stated,  are  for  free  dis- 
tribution to  members  of  the  chapter  who  own  catalogues,  and 
to  other  responsible  persons,  even  if  they  reside  at  a  distance, 
who  purchase  a  catalogue  and  a  card.  The  price  of  the  cata- 
logue is  25  cts  each  to  all;  cards  are  free  to  members,  but  their 
price  to  others  is  locts.  each.  Each  card  entitles  the  holder 
to  fifty  specimens,  of  which  five  may  be  borrowed  at  one  time 
and  kept  for  a  week,  then,  in  some  cases,  if  desired,  renewed 
for  another  week.  Bird  skins  and  other  light  specimens  may 
be  sent  out  and  returned  by  mail  at  the  rate  of  one  cenC  per 
ounce,  or  to  clubs  of  several  individuals,  as  cheaply,  or  cheaper 
by  express,  always  at  the  expense  of  the  borrower. 

As  it  is  desirable  for  the  publisher  of  the  catalogue  to 
know  how  many  copies  it  is  best  to  print,  those  who  desire  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  afforded  to  borrow  bird 
skins,  minerals,  etc.,  should  apply  at  once  to  the  publisher  for 
catalogues. 

As  this  catalogue  is  to  be  circulated  largely  among  teach- 
ers, to  be  permanently  kept,  the  attention  of  professional  men 
and  others,  who  hope  for  the  patronage  of  teachers,  is  called 
to  it  as  an  excellent  advertising  medium. 

All  money  received  in  excess  of  the  cost  of  the  catalogue 
will  be  expended,  at  least  at  present,  in  the  purchase  of  addi- 
tional bird  skins. 

For  catalogues  apply  to  C.  J.  Maynard,  447  Crafts  st. 
and  for  advertising  space  to  him  and  to  E.  F.  Dow,  61  Hen- 
shaw  st.,  both  West  Newton,  Mass. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Cn  the  evening  of  October  21,  1879,  several  gentlemen 
met  at  the  house  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Frisbie  in  Newton,  at  his  sug- 
gestion, for  the.  purpose  of  organizing  a  society  for  the  study 
of  natural  history.  On  October  29  the  Newton  Natural  His- 
tory Society  was  formally  organized  at  the  house  of  the  Rev. 
G.  W.  Shinn.  This  society  at  once  became -popular,  and  on 
Feburary  26,  1883,  was  incorporated  with  si  membership  of 
over  one  hundred. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  meetings  of  the  society  were 
well  attended,  and  many  valuable  papers  were  given  before  it 
by  specialists  and  scientists.  Some  of  these  papers  were 
printed,  and  in  1889-90  the  society  issued  a  monthly  Bulletin 
of  its  proceedings. 

For  reasons  which  are  difficult  to  understand,  shortly  af- 
ter 1 892  public  interest  in  the  society  gradually  waned,  and  its 
membership  decreased,  until  finally  the  meetings  were  held  at 
wide  and  irregular  intervals.  Early  in  1899  Mr.  C.  J.  May* 
nard  proposed  to  organize  a  branch  of  the  society  in  order  to 
render  especial  assistance  to  the  teachers  and  pupils  of  New* 
ton  and  neighboring  towns,  as  well  as  others  who  had  a  lik- 
ing for  nature  study. 

A  well  attended  meeting  was  held  at  Mr.  May  nard 's  labo- 
ratory on  May  6,  1899  and  the  Maynard  Chapter  of  the  New- 
ton Natural  History  Society  was  organized.  Fortnightly 
meetings  were  held  in  the  class  room  of  the  laboratory  until 
April  13,  1900,  when  the  .chapter  moved  into  a  new  lecture 
room,  447  Crafts  st.,  West  Newton,  which  had  been  finished 
and  furnished  through  the  efforts  of  the  members; 

In  the  fall  of  1900,  upon  the  solicitation  of  members  of 
the  chapter  the  collections  of  the  original  Society,  gifts  of  its 
members  and  others,  were  turned  over  to  the  chapter,  a  room 
having  been  prepared  for  their  reception. 


INTRODUCTION. 


These  collections,  augmented  by  others  given  by  members 
of  the  chapter,  have  been  carefully  catalogued,  and  are  now 
ready  to  be  loaned  to  teachers  and  others  who  are  either 
members  of  the  chapter,  or  who  have  acquired  the  right  of  ac- 
cess to  the  collection  ( see  Rules  and  Regulations ). 

In  order  to  assist  teachers  and  others  who  are  beginning 
nature  work,  accounts  of  the  groups  to  which  given  specimens 
belong  are  printed,  in  many  cases  illustrated  with  wood  cuts. 

Although  a  record  has  been  carefully  kept  of  the  donors 
of  specimens,  it  has  not  been  thought  advisable  to  print  the 
names  of  such  with  the  names  of  specimens  in  the  catalogue. 
Any  information  upon  this  subject  or  any  other  appertaining 
to  the  collections  will  be  cheerfully  given  to  those  who  desire 
it  by  Mr  Walter  Gerritson,  curator  of  the  museum. 

Mention  is  herewith  made  of  the  principal  donors  of  spec- 
imens to  the  original  collection  :—  Dr.  J.  S.  Frisbie,  a  large 
and  valuable  collection  of  minerals.,  especially  of  beryl  and 
quartz,  also  fossils,  etc. ;  Mr.  Jesse  Fewkes,  curator  of  the  orig- 
inal society,  a  fine  lot  of  minerals,  rocks,  woods,  Indian  relics 
etc.;  large  and  valuable  collections  of  minerals,  by  Messrs. 
W  C.  Bates,  E.  C.  Fearing,  S  I.  Fearing,  J.  C,  Park,  R  L. 
Ordway,K.  B.  Brown,  Geo.  Leonard,  W.  J.Johnson,  and  Prcf 
S.  E.  Warren.  Corals  by  Mr.  S.  A.  D.  Sheppard. 

To  the  Maynard  Chapter;  Miss  Mary  Linder  miner- 
als, shells  etc.,  Fossils  from  Lake  Champlain  by  Miss  Myra  L 
Billings,  from  M  rs  Bracket  a  fine  collection  of  nests  and  eggs 
gathered  by  her  husband,  the  late  Foster  H.  Bracket,  of  Dor- 
chester ;  Messrs  L.  H.  Avery  and  L.  H.  Wetherell,  bird's 
nests ;  Messrs  Gerritson  and  Maynard,  miscellaneous. 

The  chapter  solicits  the  donation  of  such  specimens  and 
books  as  will  be  of  value  to  students  in  all  branches  of  nature 
study. 

JULIA  S.  DOANE,  C.  J.  MAYNARD,  LILLIAN  A.  YOUNG. 

Committee  on  Catalogue. 


f>  CATALOGUE    OF    THE    COLLECTION    OF  THE    MAYNARD    CHAPTER. 

Catalogue  of  Birds, 


INTRODUCTORY. 

Birds  are  a  highly  specialized  class  of  vertebrates,  differing  greatly  from  any 
other  living  animals,  but  showing  an  affinity  through  fossil  forms  (  Archaeopteryx, 
Hesperornis,  etc.  )  to  the  class  Reptiles  ;  both  classes  undoubtedly  having  had 
a  common  ancestor. 

For  convenience  in  study  birds  are  divided  into  groups  which  are  more  or 
less  natural ;  but  it  must  always  be  borne  in  mind  that  each  group  either  now 
intergrades  with  some  other  group,  or  groups,  or  has  done  so  in  the  past,  for  all 
birds  were  derived  from  a  common  stock.  Changes  in  structure,  form,  color,  etc. 
have  been  brought  about  by  the  changed  conditions  under  which  the  birds  have 
lived  and  as  conditions  are  now  constantly  changing,  we  may  expect  to  find  some 
species  now  continuing  to  change. 

In  studying  the  classification  of  birds  we  find  that  they  constitute  a  Class 
among  vertebrates.  The  next  lowest  division  is  Order.  Under  Order  we  find  in 
regular  sequence;  Family,  Genus,  Species,  Sub-species  and  Individual,  for  it 
must  always  be  kept  in  mind  that  no  two  birds,  even  among  the  same  species,  are 
exactly  alike.  Each  living  bird  is  a  separate  organism,  a  conscious,  reasoning  be- 
ing, differing  in  some  respects  from  any  other  organism,  an  individual  bird. 

In  this  variation  of  individuals  we  find  the  key  note  that  vibrates  through  the 
evolution  of  living  forms  from  the  lowest  to  the  highest. 

In  studying  any  class  of  animals  it  becomes  necessary  for  us  to  acquire,  in  a 
great  measure  a  separate  vocabulary  of  names  for  the  various  parts  of  the  animal. 
For  example  we  do  not  call  the  fore  limb  of  a  bird  an  arm  as  we  do  in  human  be- 
ings, or  a  front  leg  as  in  a  sheep,  or  a  fin  as  in  a  fish,  although  it  may  be  homolo- 
gous to  all  three,  but  a  wing.  The  function  of  the  fore  limb  in  all  the  animals 
mentioned  is  different,  hence  the  reason  for  applying  separate  names  to  each. 

When  the  function  of  a  part  is  the  same  in  different  animals,  the  same  name  is 
usually  applied  to  it  in  all  classes  of  animals.  For  example  all  the  animals  men- 
tioned, and  many  others  besides,  have  a  heart  and  stomach,  both  of  which  have 
practically  the  same  function  in  all  species  possessing  them. 

It  is  thus  best  in  beginning  the  study  of  any  group  of  animals  to  learn  the 
names  which  have  been  applied  to  their  different  parts.  A  careful  study  of  the 
diagram  given  on  the  following  page  will  greatly  aid  students  in  acquiring  the 
names  of  the  most  important  parts  of  a  bird. 


CATALOGUE    OF    BIRDS.  ' 

CATALOGUE. 

ORDER.      Sixr.ixo  PEKCIIEHS.     OSCIXES.     Birds  of  this  order  may  be 
known  by  three  characters:-    1,  hind  toe  on  a  level  with  the  three  anterior  toes 

FIG.  1. 


Diagram  and  Ideal  Section  of  Chipping  Sparrow. 

A.  External  Parts:    1,  Bill.    2,  Forehead.    3,  Crown.    4,  Occiput.    0,  N"ape,    0,  Tiind  neck..    7,  Back. 
8,  "Wing.    9,  Upper  tail  eovarts.    10.  Under  tail  coverts.    11,  Tibia.    12,  Aodomen,    13,BeHy.    14,  Breast. 
15, Throat.    16,  Chin.    17,  Super  ciliary  region.    18,  Lores,     19,  Ear  coverts.    Ii3,  Maxillary.    22,  Tarsus. 
32,  Hind  toe.    42,  Front  toes.    52,  Tail. 

Internal  Parts.  A,  Tongne  B,  Larynx.  P,  Syrinx.  C,  Windpipe.  E,  Sterno  trr.eheal.  T,  Bron- 
chial tube.  GG-,  Gullet.  H,  Crop.  K,  Stomach.  J,  Proventriculus,  I...  D,.odtn>m.  M,  Pancreas.  O, 
Vent.  D,  Ovaries,  Q,,  Vertebrae  of  neck.  K,  Vertebrae  of  back.  S,  Tau  toiitb.  T,  Heart.  N.  Lungs.  V, 
Keel.  I  M,  Liver. 

B.  "Wing  of  Chipping- Sparrow.    1,  Lesser  coverts.    2,  Middle  coverts.    3,  Greater  coverts.    4,  Spu- 
rious wing.    5,  Primaries.    6,  Secondaries. 

C.  Bill  of  Cardinal  Grosbeak.    A,  Upper.  B.  Tower,  mandible.    D,  Nostrils. 


CATALOGUE    OF    THE    COLLECTION    O?  THE    MAYXARD     CHAPTER. 


(  see  Fig  2)  ;  2,  the  scales  on  the  back  portion  of  the  tarsus  at  the  point  of  join- 
ture form  a  sharp  ridge  (see  Fig.  3,  also  under  head  of  next  order),  exception  to 
this  rule  being  the  Horned  Larks,  which  see  ;  3,  there  are  five  or  six  pairs  of 


Fig.  2. 


Fig. 


I 


iziirf^ 


Foot  of  Purple  Martin 


Upper  figure,  tarsus  of  Kingbird  ;  lower,  of 
Pine  Gtosbeak  ;  both  enlarged. 


m  iscbs  (thus  including  the  sterno-tracheals  )  which  govern  the  two  vibrating 
mambranes  of  the  broncho-tracheal  syrinx,  and  the  sterno-tracheals  have  their  or- 
igin on  the  windpipe  below  the  brcncho-tracheals,  and  are  thus  not  a  continua- 
tion of  the  lorg  trachcals  (  see  Figs.  4  and  5). 

Fkr.   4. 


Syrinx  of  typical  Percher.    U,  "Windpipe.    C  A,  Bronco- tracheals. 
O  L  V,  Bronchial*.    T,  Sterao-tr acheal.    L,  Bronchial  tubes.    O, 
Tympaniform  membrane.    J,  Transverse  bcne.    M,  Semiluna  mem- 
brane.   V,  Interior  of  Windpipe. 

SPARROWS,  FINCHES,  GROSBEAKS,  ETC.,  all  constitute  one  family  ;  the 
largest  and  in  some  ways  the  most  important  that  we  have  in  New  England.  In 
general  form  members  of  this  family  are  quite  robust,  but  vary  somewhat  in  this 
respect.  ,The  most  prominent  feature  by  which  they  can  be  recognized  is  the 
comparatively  short,  thick,  conical  bill,  which  is  deeper  at  its  base  than  one- 
half  its  length  (  see  Fig.  6  ).  There  are  also  nine  primaries  or  flight  feathers 
(  see  Fig.  8  on  page  10).  Internally  the  gullet  is  more  or  less  developed  into  a 
crop  for  the  storage  of  food,  and  the  stomach  walls  are  thick  for  digesting  hard 
seeds  ;  the  intestines  are  quite  long,  but  the  coecal  appendages  are  short  and 
fanctioaless  (see  Fig.  7  ) .  Most  members  of  this  family  sing  well,  and  thus  we 
find  a  fairly  wall  developad  singing  apparatus  (  see  Figs.  4  and  5  and  read  accom- 
panying explanation). 


CATALOGUE    OF    BIRDS. 

GEXU3.  TRUE  SPARROWS.  SPIZELLA.  Rather  slender  birds  with 
slightly  forked  tails.  Top  of  head,  reddish  ;  unstreaked  in  adults  of  our  species. 
No  streaks  below  in  adults,  and  no  prominent  white  markings  on  tail.  Sexes, 
similar. 

FIG,  5. 


VOCAL  ORGANS  oP  EVENING  GROSBEAK.  A,  transverse  bone  ;  B,  portion  of  windpipe  ;  C,  side  view 
of  syrinx  and  bronchial  tube  ;D.  front  view  of  same;  E,  X-shaped  muscle;  F,  inner  side  of  bronchial 
tube;  A  B,  broncialis  muscles ;  s,  sterno-tracheals ;  v,  vibrating  membrane.  All  enlarged. 

1700-2     Chipping  Sparrow,  adult.     Dark  line  through  eye ;  bill,  dark, 

1703-4  do  do      young,  streaked  on  crown* 

1705-6     Field  Sparrow.     No  line  through  eye  ;  bill,  red. 

1707-12     Tree  Sparrow.     Bill,  yellow  at  base  beneath:  spot  on  breast, 

FIG.   6. 


Bill  of  Rose-breasted  Grosbeak  ;  A,  side  view  ;  I,  section  through  base. 

Genus.  Zone-throated  Sparrows.  Zonotrachia.  Wings  rather  short ;  tail 
founded  ;  top  of  head  conspicuously  masked  with  black  and  white. 

1713-16  White-throated  Sparrow.  Yellow  spot  in  front  of  eye;  throat 
abruptly  white. 

1717  White-crowned  Sparrow.  Throat  not  abruptly  white  ;  no  yellow  in 
front  of  eye. 


to 


CATALOGUE    OF    THE    COLLECTION    OF    THE    MAYXARD    CHAPTER, 


Genus.  Marsh  Sparrows.  Ammodramus.  Slender  birds,  with  slender 
bills  and  with  the  tail  feathers  sharpened  at  tips. 

1718-22     Sharp-tailed  Sparrow.      Prevailing  color  buff. 

1723-24     Sea-side  Sparrow.      Prevailing  color  gray. 

Genus.  Yellow-shouldered  Sparrows.  Coturnieulus.  Small  sparrows 
with  short,  rounded  wings,  sharpened  tail  feathers,  and  buff  colors. 

1725-26     Grasshopper  Sparrow.  Yellow  in  front  of  eye,  no  streaks  below. 

1727       Henslow's  Sparrow.     No  yellow  in  front  of  eye,  but  streaks  below. 

Genus.  Grass  Sparrows.  Passerculus.  Rather  slender  birds  streaked  abore 
and  below,  yellow  line  over  eye,  tertiaries  as  long  as  the  secondaries,  no  white  on 
tail. 


DIGESTIVE  OKGANS  OF  ENGLISH  SPAREOW.  c,  gullet  ;  P,  proventriculus  ;  s,  spleen;  sh,  stomach;  P, 
fjeginning  of  intestines  ;  D,  duodenum:  P,  pancreas;  i,  intestine;  I  P,  lining  membrane  of  stomach 
(longitudinal  section,  transverse  section  to  right )  ;  w  w,  walls  of  stomach  in  both  sections;  c,  crop  ', 
o,  coeea. 

1728-32     Savannah  Sparrow.      Rather  dark  in  color,  size  small. 

Genus.  Bay- winged  Sparrow.  Poocetes.  Stouter  birds  than  in  the  last 
genus,  the  tail  is  longer,  the  shoulders  bay  and  the  outer  tail  feathers  are  marked 
with  white  ;  tertiaries  as  long  as  secondaries, 

1733-36     Vesper  Sparrow.      General  tone  of  color,  gray. 

Genus.  Longspurs.  Calcarius.  Birds  over  six  inches  long,  slender  with 
long  wings,  and  hind  toe  nail  longer  than  its  toe. 

1737  Lapland  Longspur.      Throat  and  breast,  black. 

Genus.  Snowflakes.  Plectrophenax.  Wings  very  long  and  pointed,  colors 
black  and  white. 

1738  Snow  Bunting.      Winter  dress,  colors  obscured  by  reddish,  illustrat- 
ing protective  coloration. 

Genus.     Goldfinches.     Spinus.     Small  birds  less  than  seven  inches  long, 


CATALOGUE    OF    BIRDS, 


11 


tvith  the  pointed  wings  longer  than  the  rather  deeply  forked  tail.     Two  species. 

1758  American  Goldfinch,  summer  plumage. 

1759  "  "          winter  dress. 
l759a     Pine  Siskin,     Streaked  above  and  below. 

Genus.      Rc'd-polls.   Acanthus.      Size  of  last  genus  ^  bill  very  short :  wings 
iong  :  tail  forked ;  streaks  on  body  above  and  below  ;  crown,  crimson. 

1 760  Lesser  Red-poll.  Adult,  crimson  below,   1 761-4  Females  and  young- 

Fig,  8,  Fig.   9. 


Pine  Siskin.  ^«SCT  Ke^oll^ins  of  Hoary  afccl  Hoi-bolls, 

Genus,     Crossbills,     Loxia,     Tips'of  both  mandibles  of  bill  elongated  and 
crossed  :  wings  long  ;  tail  forked. 

1765-GG     Red  Cicssbill  male,  icd  throughout.     1767-8,    female,  greenish, 
1769-70     White-winged  Crossbill.     Male,  rosy,  wing  bands  white. 
1771-72  Female,  greenish. 

Fig.   11, 


f --:-•--* 


Red  Crossbill. 


Snow  Bunting. 


Genus.     Rosy  Finches.     Carpodkus.     Bill,  thick  ;  \vings  long ;  tail  deep- 
ly forked  ;  head,  sub-crested. 

1773  Purple  Finch.     Male,  crimson  throughout. 

1774  "          "  Female,  gray,  streaked. 

Genus.     Pine  Grosbeaks.     Pinecola.     Large  birds,  eight  inches  long  ;  bill, 
short  and  thick  ;  wings,  long  ;  tail,  deeply  forked. 


12 


CATALOGUK  OF  THE  COLLECTION  OF  THE  MAYXARD  CHAPTER. 


1775     Pine  Grosbeak. 

Genus.      Snowbirds.     Junco.      Small,  less  than  seven  inches  long  ;   slaty- 
gray  above  ;  outer  tail  feathers,  conspicuously  marked  with  white. 
1776-78      Snowbird,  male,     Very  dark  above. 
1779-81  "         female,  duller. 

1782  **         nestling,  streaked  below. 


Fig.   12. 


Fig.   13. 


Female  Rcse-tveasted  Grosbeak, 


Lapland  Longsp.T. 


Genus.     Song  Sparrows.     Melospiza.     Size  of  last  genus;  reddish-brown 
above  streaked  with  dusky;  wings,  short;  tail,  long  and  rounded. 

1783-87     Song  Sparrow,  conspicuously  streaked  below;  spot  on  breast, 
1788-89        "  "          nestling,  more  finely  streaked. 

1790-92     Swamp  Sparrow,  streakings  beneath,  indistinct, 

'  Fig.   14. 


Song  Sparrow* 

Genus.     Rufous  Sparrows.     Passerella.     Large ;  prevailing  color  rufotts* 
spotted  with  rufous  beneath. 


CATALOGUE    OF    BIRDS. 


1794     Fox  Sparrow. 

Genus.     Ground  Bantings.     Pipilo.    Large,  over  eight  inches  long  ;  wings, 
<hort;  tail,  long,  rounded  and  conspicuously  marked  with  white. 


1*. 


Head  of  Towhee. 

1795-96     Towhee,     Male,  black  above. 

1797-98  "  Female,  brown  above. 

Genus.  Cardinals.  Cardinalis.  Large,  over  eight  inches  long,  with  thick 
bills,  crested  heads  and  bright  colors. 

1799-1801     Cardinal  Grosbeak.     Males,  colors  bright. 

1802-3  "  "  Females,  colors  duller. 

Genus.  Song  Grosbeaks.  Habia.  Large,  about  eight  inches  long,  with 
thick,  heavy  bill.  Males  black,  white,  and  rose  ;  females,  duller. 


Fig.   16. 


Fig.   17. 


Savanna  Sparrow. 


1804  Rose-breasted  Grosbeak,  Male. 

1805  u  "          Female. 

Genus.     House  Sparrow.      Passer.     Stout,  with  thick  bills,  long,  pointed 
wings  and  forked  tails. 


14 


CATALOGUE    OF    THE    COLLECTION    OF    THE    MAYNAKD    CHAPTER.. 


1806  English  Sparrow.     Male. 

1807  Female. 

Family.  Orioles,  Starlings,  Blackbirds  etc.  Icteridae.  Hill  but  slightly 
curved  ;  lower  mandible  more  or  less  swollen  at  the  base,  unnotched  :  primaries, 
nine  ;  CD.itains  a  Variety  of  birds  of  divarse  characters  ;  see  Genera. 

Fi-.   18. 


Ma^e  Kose-bre&sted.  Grosbeak. 

Genus,  Rice  Buntings.  .  Dolichonyx.  Bill  thick  and  conical,  shcrter  than 
the  head  :  wings  long :  tail  rounded  with  the  feathers  acuminate. 

1808     Bobolink,  Male,  black  ami  yellowish  \vl.ite. 

1803        .""          Female,  yellowish  buff. 

Genus.  Parasitical  Blackbirds.  Molothrus.  Bill  thick  and  conical  :  wings 
rather  long  :  tail  rounded  :  feathers  not  acuminate. 

1810  Cowbird.     Male,  black,  head  coffee-colored. 

1811  vt  Female,  brownish  slate  throughout. 
Redwings.      Agelaeus. 

Red  winged  Blackbird.     Males,  adult*,  Black,  red  shoulders. 
"          "  "  Young,  more  or  less  mottled  with  brown. 

tfc          "  kt  Females,  brown  streaked  with  whitish. 

Sturnella.    Bill  pointed,  broad  at  tip  :  wings  long: 


Genus. 

1812-Ui 

1817-18 

1819-22 

Genus. 


Males,  bright  yellow  beneath,  crescent  on  brt;ut 


Mcadowlarks. 
tail  short  ;  feet  large. 

1823-27     Meadowlark. 
black. 

1828-80     Meadowlark.    Females,  duller,  black  rusty. 

Genus.      Rusty  Blackbirds.     Scolecophagus.    Bill  slender,  slightly  curved: 
wings  long  :  tail  slightly  rounded. 


CATALOGUE    OF    BlfcDS.  15 

1831.      Rusty  Blackbird.      Spring  Male.   Black  throughout,  no  red. 

183J,          '•  k*  Ma  e  in  Autumn,  Black  rusty. 

1833.          "  "  Female,   blaty  brown  thioughout. 

Genus.      Boat  tilled  Blackbirds.      Quiscalus.      Bill  stout,  about  as  long  as 
head,  slightly  curved  :   wings  rather  short  ;   tail  long  and  graduated. 

1^34.     B.oi^eJ  Giackle.     Line^  of  cemarkation  between  head  and  back 
sharply  defined. 

1833.        Parple  Grackie.      Line  of  demarkation  between  head  and  buck  not 
s  harply  defined, 

1836-37.      Florida  Grackle.      Males,  more  iridescent  than  the  la«t  two  spe- 
cies. 

1838.  "  "          Female,  smaller  and  duller. 

1839-40.       Boat-tailed  Giackles.         Male,  large,  more  uniform  in  color. 
Southern  States. 

1841-43.  *<  *•  Female,  reddish  brown  throughout. 

Family,  Crows  and  Ja\s.     Coivldae.     Bill  stout,  not  swollen  at  base  ;  nos- 
trils covered  with  projecting  bristles. 

Genus.      Crows.   Cor V us.  Wings  long;  tail  rounded  ;  color  generally  black, 

1844.      Common  Crow.      Mi  Idle  toe  shorter  than  tarsus. 

1845-46.  •  Fish  C.  aw.  Size  smaller  ;  mid,. lj  toe  longer  than  tarsas.  New 
York  Southward. 

Genus.  The  Blue  Jays.  Cyanurus.  Bill  stout  and  conical.  -Wings  and 
tail  rather  long»  Prevailing  color  bluish.  Head  crested. 

1847-48.     Blue  Jay.      Black  maikings  on  side  t)f  head  and  breast. 
Genus.     Bush  Jays,      Cyanocita.  *  Head  not  crested.      Wings  short  and  tail 
long. 

1849-50  Florida  Jays.  No  distinct  black  markings  on  side  of  head  or  below. 
Family.     Tanagers.     Tanagridae.     Bill  rather  large  and  conical  ;  under 
mandidle  more  or  less  swollen  at  base;  wings  and  tail  of  medium  length. 

Genus.  Tooth-billed  Tanagers.  Pyranga.  Cutting  edge  of  upper  mandi- 
ble provided  with  a  prominent  tcoth. 

1851.  Sea  let  Tanager.     Male,  scarlet,  wings  and'tail  black. 

1852.  "          "  Female,  greenish  throughout. 

Family.  American  Warblers.  Miniotiltidae.  Small  birds,  less  than  six 
inches  long,  with  slender  bills  and  nine  primaries. 

Genus.  Muiotilta.  Creeping  Warblers.  Bill,  lon^  and  curved  ;  wings, 
folding  beyond  the  middle  of  tail  ;  feet,  large. 

1853-55.  Black  and  Whit3  Warbler.  Colors,  black  and  white,  crown  di- 
vided by  a  white  line. 

1855-59.  Yellow-rumped  Warbler.  Yellow  spot  on  top  of  head  on  rump 
and  sides. 

1860.  Magnolia  WTarbler.  Black  and  yellow  ;  white  spots  near  middle  of 
tail. 


16      CATALOGUE  OF  THE  COLLECTION  OF  THE  MAYNARD  CHAPTER. 

1861-61   Pins  Warbler.      Male,  greenish-yellow;   no  black  markings. 

1865-66  Pine  Warbler.       Female,  duller. 

1867  Black-polled  Warbler.  Male,  adult  in  spring,  black  and  white  no  di- 
viding line  on  crown. 

1868-70  Black-polled  Warbler.  Female  and  autumnal  birds,  greenish 
streaked  beneath. 

1871  Prairie  Warbler.  Beneath,  yellow,  streaked  with  black  on  sides  and 
sides  of  head  ;  back  with  spots  of  chestnut. 

1872-73  Yellow  Red-poll.     Top  of  head,  chestnut. 

Genus.  Golden  Warblers.  Prevailing  color,  yellow,  no  wing  bands,  nor 
tail  spots. 

1874  Yellow  Warbler.     Male,  reddish  streakings  distinct. 

1875  "  "  Female,  duller. 

Genus.  Little  Warblers.  Small ;  wing  bands  and  tail  spots,  present ; 
greenish-yellow  spot  in  middle  of  back. 

1876  Blue  Y^el  low -backed  Warbler.     Yellow  and  white  beneath,  burnt-si- 
enna on  upper  breast. 

Genus.      Ground  Warblers.     Wings  short ;  yellow  on  throat. 
1877-78  Maryland  Yellow-throat.     Male,  black  mask  on  face. 
1879-80  "  'Female,  duller;  no  mask. 

Genus.  Painted  Warblers.  Black  with  spot  of  salmon  on  wing  and 
side. 

1881  Redstart.     Male,  black  above  and  on  head. 

1882  "  Female,  black  replaced  by  brownish,  salmon   and 
yellow. 

Family.     Pipits.     Bill,  slender;  wings,  long;  tertiaries,  elongated. 

Genus.     Titlarks.      Slender  birds  with  white  markings  on  tail. 

1883-84  Titlark.     Distinctly  streaked  beneath. 

Family.  Kinglets.  Small  ;  bill  short ;  nostrils  concealed  by  feathers. 
Wings  distinctly  banded. 

Genus.  Golden-crowned  Kinglet.  Center  of  crown,  golden,  with  colored 
feathers. 

1885  Golden-crowned  Kinglet.     Male,  center  of  crown,  golden. 

1886  ««  "  Female,  center  of  crown,  yellow, 

1887  Ruby-crowned  Kinglet.     Male,  center  of  crown,  ruby. 

1888  Female,  no  bright  color  on  crown. 
Family.     Thrushes.     Wings,  moderately  long  ;  bill,  rather  slender  ;  tarsus 

vith  a  single  scale  (booted  )  . 

Genus.  Large  Thrushes.  Size,  large  ;  no  streaks  below  in  the  young  of 
>ur  species. 

1889-90  American  Robiu.  Male  adult,  bill  quite  yellow. 

1891  Female,  duller,  bill,  darker. 

Genus.      Spotted  Thrasher.     Size  smaller,  spotted  below. 


CATALOGUE    OF    BIRDS.  17 

1892.      Hermit  Thrush. 

Family.   Rock  Inhabilers.  Bill,  shorter,  wings  long  and  pointed  ;feet,  small. 

Genus.      Bluebirds.     Mostly  blue  above. 

1893-94.      Bluebird.      1895-96.      Same,  females. 

Family.      Wrens.     Wings,  short;  bill,  short  and  more  curved. 

1895.  House  \Vren.      Size,  small;  tail  distinctly  banded. 

1896.  Brown  Thrasher,  larger,  tail  long. 

1897..     Catbird.      Color,  nearly  uniform  slaty-gray. 
Family.      Titmice.      Wings,  short ;  tail,  long  ;  plumage,  fluffy. 
1898-99.      Chickadee.      Top  of  head  and  throat,  black. 
Family.     Nuthatches.      Tail,  short ;  wings,  long  ;  bill,  straight. 

1900.  White-bellied  Nuthatch. 

Family.  Tree  Creepers.  Tail,  long  with  each  feather  pointed;  bill, 
curved . 

1901.  Brown  Creeper.     Brown,  streaked  with  lighter. 

Family.  Crows  and  Jays.  Bill,  stout  and  conical ;  nostrils,  concealed  by 
feathers. 

1902.  Blue  Jay.     Wings,  short ;  tail,  long. 

1903.  Fish  Crow.     Legs,  long. 

Family.     Vireos.     Small  birds  with  rather  stout  bills. 

1904.  Red-eyed  Vireo.     Dark  line  through  eye. 

1905.  White  Vireo.     Yellow  about  eye. 

Family.  Waxwings.  Wings,  long  with  shaft  of  secondaries  often  expan- 
ded at  termination. 

1906.  Cedar  Bird.     No  white  on  wing. 

Family.     Swallows.     Wings,  long  ;  bill,  short ;  gape,  wide. 

1907.  Tree  Swallow.     Pure  white  beneath. 

Order.  Songless  Perchers.  Syrinx  with  out  complicated  singing  muscles 
Tarsus  without  two  sets  of  scales  (  see  Singing  Perchers,  page  7  )  .  This  or- 
der in  America  is  represented  by  Flycatchers. 

1908.  Kingbird.     Top  of  head  with  concealed  orange  spot. 

1909.  Phoebe.     Olive  brown  above;  whitish  beneath. 

Order.  Woodpeckers.  Wings,  long  ;  tail,  short  and  with  stiffened,  point 
ed  feathers.  Toes,  two  in  front  and  two  behind. 

1910.  Downy  Woodpecker.     Outer  tail  feathers  spotted. 

1911.  Flicker.     Bill,  somewhat  curved. 

Order.  Cuckoos.  Tail,  long  and  graduated.  Toes,  two  in  front  and 
two  behind. 

1912.  Black-billed  Cuckoo.     White  spots  on  tail  not  prominent ;  no  yel- 
low on  bill . 

Order.     Kingfishers.     Bill  long  ;  wings  long  :  tail  short. 

1913.  Belted  Kingfisher,  male,  with  bluish  belt. 

1914.  "  "  female,  with  a  second  beltof  reddish  brown. 
Other  birds  will  be  added  to  the  collection  as  fast  as  thev  can  be  purchased 

when  supplementary  catalogues  will  be  issued. 


18  CATALOGUE    OF    THE    COLLECTION    OF    THE    MAYNARD    CHAPTER. 

Catalogue  of  Minerals. 

QUAKTZ.  Pure  silica;  an  oxide  of  silicon,  composed  of  about  47  parts  of 
si  icon  and  53  of  oxygen.  The  element  silicon  nev^r  occurs  in  a  natural  condition 
uncombined  with  oxygen.  When  separated  artificially  it  gppcais  in  t^o  condi- 
tions ;  amorphous  (without  form) as  a  black  powder,  and  crystalline  as  brilliant, 
black  scales.  Oxygen,  the  most  abundant  element  in  nature,  also  noted  for  the 
readiness  with  which  it  ( ombines  with  nearly  all  other  elements,  when  pure,  in  a 
natural  condition  is  a  gas.  Quartz  is  an  exceedingly  abundant  mineral,  perfect- 
ly transparent  when  pure,  crystallizing  in  six  sided  pris-ms.  It  is  fcaid  tnough  to 
scratch  glass  readily  and  bieaks  with  a  cuived  cr  thill-lite  (clcncl  oidai)  fract- 
ure, and  it  is  difficult  to  make  it  break  with  a  true  cleavage.  It  feels  rather  gret.- 
sy  to  the  touch. 

FIG.  37. 


Quartz  Crystals. 

Quartz  combines  quite  readily  chemically  with  other  minerals  or  elements,  and 
often  crystallizes  thus  combined;  with  iron,  producing  milky  or  smoky  quartz;  with 
titanic  acid,  rose  quartz;  with  manganese,  amethystine  quartz,  or  amethyst. 

.Mechanically  quartz  is  broken  into  fragments  by  ice  and  frost  action;  these 
fragments  are  worn  by  water  first  into  pebbles,  then  into  sand,  which,  under  cer- 
tain conditions,  becomes  cemented  together  to  form  sandstone,  which  under  other 
conditions  may  disintegrate  back  again  into  sand. 

Organically,  quartz  which  has  been  taken  into  solution  by  water  is  absor- 
bed l>y  plants,  pla.it  a  limals,  and  animals,  notable  ex  implt  s  of  which  are  the  dia- 
tomes,  radiolaria,  and  sponges.  The  remains  of  these  fjrm  flint,  which  through 
age  becomes  novaculite,  chert,  and  hornstone.  From  ]  ls,nt  life  it  is  returned  to 
the  soil  and  under  favorable  conditions  becoming  agate,  r,nd  chalcedony. 

Underpressure,  forming  rock  masses  through  cio~/led  crystallization,  or  in 
co.n  bination  with  one  or  all  of  the  following  miners  If,  feldspar,  hornblende,  mica 
forming  different  kinds  of  granitic  rocks,  which  through  age,  pressure,  and  possi- 
bly partial  fusion,  become  the  diabases. 


CATALOGUE    OF    MINERALS.  19 

Fused,  more  or  less  highly,  and  in  combination  with  feldspar  and  other  min- 
erals, producing  quartzite,  feldsite,  jasperite.  obsidian  or  volcanic  glass,  one  form 
of  which  is  pumice,  which  may  be  ground  into  ashes  or  volcanic  dust. 

From  being  held  in  solution  in  water  quartz  often  fills  rock  cavities  and  fis- 
sures, entering  them  from  above,  and  thus  may  enclose  other  minerals  like  pyrite, 
garnets,  epidote,  etc.,  or  metals  like  copper  and  gold. 

From  being  held  in  solution  quartz  also  often  fills  the  cavities  in  rocks 
once  occupied  by  the  crystals  of  other  minerals  but  which  have  been  dissolved  away, 
leaving  a  mould  of  their  form,  and  then  the  quartz  assumes  a  crystalline  form  not 
its  own,  but  that  of  the  mineral  of  which  it  took  the  place.  This  change  may 
have  iaken  place  gradually  as  the  dissolving  mineral  disappeared.  In  a  like  man- 
ner quartz  sometimes  fakes  the  place  of  decaying  wood,  shells  of  mollusks,  coral, 
or  other  organic  structures,  often  reproducing  their  forms  with  perfect  exactness; 
tHs  exact  reproduction  is  particularly  noticeable  in  the  case  of  wood  in  which  the 
cells  and  grain  are  to  be  seen.  Such  reproductions  of  organic  structures  are  call- 
ed, rather  incorrectly,  petrifactions,  but  are  more  correctly  termed  pseudomorphs, 
which  means  false  forms.  It  is  usual  to  designate  the  form  assumed  by  the 
quartz  as  quartz  pseudomorph  after  the  crystal,  of  organic  structure.  Thus,  for 
example,  we  may  find  quartz  pseudomorph  after  pyrite,  calcite,  etc.,  or  quartz 
pseudomorph  after  wood  or  coral,  etc. 

In  the  arts  pure  crystalline  quartz  has  been  used  as  lenses  for  eyeglasses,  mi- 
croscopes, etc.,  and  also  in  this  form,  or  when  colored  in  the  chemical  series  or  as 
agates,  in  jewelry.  Primitive  man  used  quartz  in  its  various  forms,  pure  and 
impure,  as  implements  and  weapons.  In  both  ancient  and  modern  art  it  enters 
largely  into  the  composition  of  glass  and  from  some  of  its  combinations,  as  in  the 
sandstones  and  granite,  are  produced  excellent  building  stones.  Quartz  in  man y- 
of  its  forms  is  well  illustrated  in  the  collection. 

Those  desiring  particular  varieties  of  quaitzlike  Gold-bearing,  Iron-stained, 
Drusy,  Smoky,  Amethyst,  Massive,  Crystaline,  etc.,  will  please  designate  the 
variety  they  require 

Quartz  Amethyst         252  456. 

"     Altered         265  272-73. 

44     Calcite         445 

44     Crystal          211-16  250255  268  277  282  285   1093. 

44     Drusy          221   276. 

"       with  Galenite          186  190-92   197  200. 

4i     Granular         263. 

"     Geode         209-0-7-02. 

44     Garnet  692. 

44     Gold-bearing         279. 

44     Massive    and  Garnet         502  689. 

"     Iron-stained  253  257  260  267-69  71  75  77  83  84  88. 


20  CATALOGUE  OF    THE    COLLECTION    OF   THE    MAYNAKD    CHAPTER. 

Quartz  and  Jasper          237 

Quartz  Massive         223-34  40-42-43-45-48-51-54-62-64   a02. 

Quartz  and  Mica         246-59  497-  500. 

Quartz  Mammaliferous         214-38-94  336-38. 

Quartz  with  Opal          659. 

Quartz  and  Peacock  Copper          877. 

Rose         235-39-70-78. 
Smoky          266-81    1268   1536. 

Galenite  and  Oxidizing  Pyrites          652-58. 

Quartz         '249  404   1000-01-06-09-13   1548. 

Qaartzite         289-90  805  1003-04-05-11-64-93    1205. 

Gold-bearing  Quartzite          417. 

See  also  flint,  chalcedony,  agate,  quartzite  and  jasper 

Agate.     A  kind  of  quartz  formed  by  concretion.      308-10  314   320  332 
1017  1225  123.2. 

Beryl.      Silicate  of  Alumina  combined  with  glaucina  and  veryhaid.      759- 
6ft   768-77. 

Cinnabar.     A  sulphate  of  quicksilver  from  an  earthy  form    of  which  the 
Indians  obtained  vermillian.      51-53d   1538-39. 

Fossils.       581    590    921   925-29   193-32  934-40  943-54  956-48   1075-82 
1090-92  1089  1234  1276  1516-17  449  451  453  591  567  57?. 

Calcite  and  Copper.      22  22a  23. 

Peacock  Copper.     A  sulphate  of  Copper.      152. 

Calcite  Crystals.     455  1023. 

Calcite.      Carbonate  of  lime.     446-47  449  703  715-18  1022. 

Copper  Pyrites.      Sulphate  of  copper.     35  36  44  46  50b,  c,  d,  e,  f  135. 

Copper  Mat.     A  Copper  Ore.     43. 
Copper,  Sulphate  of     36a  b,  c 

Copper,  Native     Copper  is  one  of  the  few  minerals  that  occurs  as  a  metal 
in  Nature.     1-23  21a,  b,  c  29  40  863  1043. 

Copper  Ore.      36  38  38a  49  50  1270. 

Copper,  Silicate  of     39  40  42. 

Feldspar.     A  silicat3  of  Alumina,  containing  an  alkaline  base  and  enters 
largely  into  the  composition  of  rocks  like  granites  etc.      419-42  663  985  873. 

Feldsite.     Feldspar  containing  impurities  largely  quartz.     443-44  804  812 
847-48  884-85  1040  11047  22-29  737-39. 

Flint.     See  quartz     309311-12. 

Galenite     Sulphite  of  Lead.      An  imported  ore  of  this  metal     160-68  170_ 
84  186-96198871  1039. 

Gold  Ore     134  47-48  505  1524. 

Gold-bearing  Ore.      126-2. 

Hematite.     Oxide  of  Iron  without  water.     92-97379. 


CATALOGCJE    OP    MINERALS.  2  I 

Hematite,  Slaty     554  586-87. 

Iron  Pyrites.     Sulphate  of  Iron.     54  56  655  c,  d,  e,  f  643,  b  90  91   660  1074  IIS° 
*  165. 

Iron  Ore.     105-18  158  346  353  367641  872. 

Limonite.     Oxide  of  Iron  containing  water.     79-8082-88  159708  1046  1.257  1521 

Magnetite.     An  oxide  of  Iron  without  water.     68-77E  664. 

Malachite.     Carbonate  of  Copper.     27  28-30  373  b  c. 

ica.     A  silicate  of  Allumina,     457-77478496. 
Mica  and  Quarts     497-500, 

Mica  Schist,     Largely  composed  of  pulverized  Mica.     50^563615620624-32   662 
63  813  1050-55  1073  1 1 36-37  I202- 

Lead  Ore,     Galenite.     Sulphate  of  Lead.     160-65185. 
Novaculite,     See  Quartz.     321-31  414-15  73°-39  749*8>5o-6r  358  IJ53- 
Antimony.     1090-91. 
Actinolite,     360-61  366  1239, 

and  Calcite  342  359, 
"  Fibrous     367-71. 

Amphilole,  Hornblende     649-5*. 
Alum.     755. 

Amygdaloid.     545  874-76  1057-59  1102  ilgo  1263  1180  1188-89. 
Borax.     756. 
Baculite.     930  933  941. 
Bronzite.     2251. 

Chromate  of  Iron.  '  Iron,     Iron  and  Chromium.  . 

Calcite  in  Anthracite.     667. 
Coal.     665-66, 

"     Brown  or  Lignite.     1026, 
"     Cannel     668-70. 
"     Bituminous     671-73  819. 
"     Shale     1027-29. 
"     Fossiliferons  Shaly     674-84, 
Coke.     686. 

Conglomerate.     1166-87  IJ96, 
Chalcedony,     334  334  337. 

Chalcopyrite.     Sulphate  of  Copper.     501   5o> 
Copper  Pyrites  with  Silver.     135  138. 
"      and  Silver.     138  47  48. 
"      Ore  and  Pyrites.     139. 
Carbonate  of  Lead.     201. 
Calcite.     Shell  sand.     1215-15. 
Calcareous  Formation.     453. 

Tufa.     454^ 

Crinoid  Stones.     1293. 
Calcite  and  Chlorite.     803. 
Clay.     747-48. 

"         Indurated     740-42  745-46  805-6, 
"         Hydrocarbonate     721. 
"         Stone     824-27879-81 
"     Slate     604-7611743-44, 
Cuprite  and  Malachite,     31 
Chalcochite,     33 


22  CATALOGUE  OF    THE    COLLECTION    OF    THE    MAYNAKD    CHAPTER. 

Cortellite  Copper  Pyrites  and  Silver.     46 

Copper  Chalcopyrite.     5oa 

Crystal  of  Iron  Pyrites.     631. 

Cam  Mian  Agate.     333. 

Diabase.     11061120-22  1133-341124-28  1152  1158-591198  1237-38. 

Dolomite.     1297. 

Divoite.     1160-91  1207-10. 

Graphite.     828-75  893  noi  1303. 

Gold-bearing  Slate.     882. 

Gneiss.     1139. 

Gneissoid  Rock,     1302 

Gypsum.     Sulphate  of  lime.     781-98800. 

Garnet.      1243. 

Gold   and  Siher  Ores.     124  131-32  143  149-59, 

Galenite,  Silver  and  Gold.     182. 

Galentine  and  Silver.      166-68  170-73  175-78  181-82  195. 

Gold,  Silver,  and  Pyrites.     128  130. 

•'         "  "  Galentine.     184. 

"     and  Galentine.     179. 
Galenite  and  Tin.     180. 
Galenite  Crystal. 

"         and  Iron.     196. 
Garnet  Feldspar  and  Schist.     691. 

Granite.       Of  varied  composition.      1031-35   1231-32   1235   1107-16  1123    1129*35 
Ir55-5^  1353-72  1197  i    199  1522  1567. 
Granite,  Schistose.     1305. 
Hornblende.     362-63. 

Schist.     380  772-77. 
"         Amphibole.     649-51. 
Habyrite.     808-10. 
Limestone  with  Gold.     1547. 

704-6  711-13  1024-25  1085-88  I2OJ  I2O6  12l6  1266. 

Leprodite.     Hornblende  Crystals.     814  816. 

Lignite.     (  See  Brown  Coal  ).     685  1065  1275. 

Lava.     986-99905-11  1045  I273- 

Marble.     Equals  Calcite,  which  see.     695  698  702. 

Manganite.     153. 

Manganese.     1126-62. 

Slate  with  Dendrite.     Hardened  Clay.     543  544  294-99  606. 

"       "     Copper.     593. 

"       "     Fossils.     603. 

"       "     Andalusite.     602. 

"       "     Fossil  ferns.     592  608  610. 

"       "     Brachiopods.     591. 

"       "     Footprints,  probably  reptiles  or  batrachians.     583. 
"     Fossil  fish  bone.     585. 

"       "     Fossil  crinoids.     590. 

"    •   "     Trilobite.     574584. 

"       "     Hornblende  crystals.     600601. 


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